Fiberstar Meat Injection Study
Fiberstar, Inc. conducted a meat injection study to compare the effects of different brine ingredients on yield and sensory characteristics in poultry breasts. The ingredients used in the test brines included various combinations of phosphates, Citri-Fi® products, proteins, starches, gums and refined kappa carrageenan.
Study Procedure
- The dry mix was slowly added to the water and mixed for 3 to 5 minutes.
- The chicken (approximately 3.6 kg) was weighed out and brine was injected at 25% of the chicken weight.
- The chicken was tumbled for 0.5 hours and then allowed to rest for approximately 18 hours.
- The chicken was placed in vacuum sealed bags then cooked in water until it reached an internal temperature of 80ºC.
Sensory Evaluation Methods
Sensory characteristics were scored in six categories (juiciness, gumminess, texture, cohesiveness, flavor and color) on a one-to-ten scale. The scores of the six categories were added to create an overall score. Scores greater than 43 were assumed to be favorable.
Trial # |
Cooked Yield |
2 |
78.0% |
14 |
76.6% |
19 |
76.5% |
13 |
75.9% |
3 |
73.6% |
9 |
71.3% |
1 |
71.2% |
4 |
70.8% |
7 |
69.2% |
6 |
65.7% |
8 |
65.1% |
Trial # |
Sensory Score |
3 |
47.0 |
1 |
47.0 |
19 |
46.0 |
2 |
45.7 |
13 |
44.7 |
8 |
43.0 |
14 |
42.3 |
4 |
40.3 |
7 |
38.3 |
9 |
37.3 |
6 |
34.3 |
Cooked Yield vs. Sensory Score

Trial Formulations
Trial # |
Ingredient 1 |
Level |
Ingredient 2 |
Level |
1 |
Sodium Phosphate |
0.30% |
None |
-- |
2 |
Citri-Fi® 100M20 |
0.40% |
Phosphate |
0.30% |
3 |
Citri-Fi® 100M40 |
0.40% |
Phosphate |
0.30% |
4 |
Citri-Fi® 100M40 |
0.40% |
None |
-- |
6 |
Turkey Protein |
0.15% |
None |
-- |
7 |
Turkey Protein |
0.15% |
Citri-Fi® 100M40 |
0.40% |
8 |
Pork Protein |
0.25% |
None |
-- |
9 |
Pork Protein |
0.25% |
Citri-Fi® 100M40 |
0.40% |
13 |
Citri-Fi® 100M40 |
0.40% |
Potato Starch |
0.50% |
14 |
Citri-Fi® 100M40 |
0.40% |
Rice Starch |
0.50% |
19 |
Citri-Fi® 100M40 |
0.40% |
Kappa Carrageenan |
0.20% |